Water is everywhere.Earth is known as the “Blue Planet” because 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Water also exists below land surface and as water vapor in the air. Surface water is far easier to reach, so this becomes the most common source of potable water. Because of its prevalence and vital necessity, water has always been the source of life.About 321 billion gallons per day of surface water is used by humans. About 77 billion gallons of groundwater are used each day. When waters run dry, people can’t get enough to drink, wash, or feed crops, and economic decline may occur. In addition, inadequate sanitation—a problem for 2.4 billion people—can lead to deadly diarrheal diseases, including cholera and typhoid fever, and other water-borne illnesses.

